Keeping cool in the rocky river.

Nigel Borrington

Molly after a river swim,
Glenmorgan, clonmel
Landscape Photography : Nigel Borrington

Yesterday evening myself and Molly went for a walk in the woodlands above Clonmel, county Tipperary.

It been warm this week and keeping a retriever cool is a task these summer days. The river at Glenmorgan however is in a deep narrow cutting and its always shaded and cool, with deep pools of cold water for her to swim in.

This is one of our best local walks and a true escape of a warm July evening.

Glenmorgan, River : Gallery

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The Horrors of Pre-Anaesthetic Surgery

The Chirurgeon's Apprentice

I often joke that The Chirurgeon’s Apprentice is all about ‘the horrors of pre-anaesthetic surgery’ and yet, I’ve never written an article which focuses primarily on the patient’s experience before the widespread use of ether beginning in the 1840s. Suffice-to-say, it was not a pleasant affair.

In 1750, the anatomist, John Hunter, colourfully described surgery as ‘a humiliating spectacle of the futility of science’ and the surgeon as ‘a savage armed with a knife’.[1] He was not far from the truth. Surgery was brutal and only to be undertaken in extreme circumstances. In 1811, Fanny Burney had a mastectomy after being diagnosed with breast cancer. She later recorded the incident vividly for posterity:

When the dreadful steel was plunged into the breast—cutting through veins—arteries—flesh—nerves—I needed no injunctions not to restrain my cries. I began a scream that lasted unintermittingly during the whole time of the incision—& I almost marvel…

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